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When women undertake an IVF cycle, the aim is to retrieve as many good-quality eggs as possible in order to optimise the chance of a successful pregnancy.

The theory behind this is that IVF can be a physically and emotionally challenging process and doctors do not want to put patients through excessive IVF cycles if they can help it. The facts are also that not every stimulated follicle will contain an egg and not every egg will fertilise. Furthermore, not every egg that fertilises will go on to form a good-quality embryo.

Why not transfer all embryos?

One IVF cycle may result in one good-quality embryo or several good-quality embryos.

However, transferring all the good-quality embryos at once can result in two or more implanting and hence a multiple birth, which places the mother and baby at a significantly greater risk.

The standard now is to transfer only one embryo, and in special cases two.

So what happens with the spare embryos? The answer is to freeze them so if the first embryo transfer fails, the patient has another chance at pregnancy success without having to go through a full IVF cycle.

Following the fresh embryo transfer, the remaining embryos are checked to see if they are suitable for vitrification (rapid freezing).

To be suitable, the embryos must be of similar quality to the embryo transferred and not show any signs of abnormal development or fragmentation (cell breakdown).

How are embryos frozen?

Vitrification is a fast cryopreservation technique that is 7,000 times faster than slow freezing and has resulted in a dramatic increase in pregnancy rates due to the excellent quality of the embryos when thawed.

The blastocysts (embryos) are suspended in a drop of fluid on a tool with a tiny hook on the end. The droplet is lowered onto a metal block that has been cooled by liquid nitrogen, where it hardens into a glass-like bead.

Vitrification greatly reduces the risk of rupturing or damage to the embryo as there is minimal chance for ice crystals to form within the cell.

A typical embryo vitrification protocol is complete in about 10 minutes. The frozen embryos are then stored individually in a labelled cane in a liquid nitrogen dewar (storage vessel).

How are embryos thawed and used?

The process for thawing an embryo is very simple and involves removing the individual blastocyst from liquid nitrogen and replacing the cryoprotectant with water. This takes about 15 minutes.

Preparation for a frozen embryo transfer (FET) is a lot easier than a fresh embryo transfer as it does not involve any stimulation of the ovaries. An FET is all about timing it right so it takes place at the correct stage in your cycle. The doctor will undertake a baseline check of your uterine lining at the start of the cycle, and check it again a few days before transfer, to ensure it is in optimum condition. The actual embryo transfer procedure on the day then replicates a fresh transfer and does not require sedation or medication.

What happens to spare embryos?

Embryos can be stored frozen indefinitely; however, in Australia there may be a time limit of 5 years imposed, depending on which state you live in, so please check with your local CFC unit. An annual fee is charged to store the embryos.

One of the benefits of frozen embryos is that they do not age. For example, if you freeze an embryo at the age of 30 and decide to thaw and use it at age 35, the cell structure and quality of the embryo remain as they were when you were 30 years old.

Another option is donate your spare embryos to others in need of one.

To learn more about frozen embryos, please read our Vitrification Fact Sheet.

Have you been through IVF? Do you have anything to share with others that might be considering it? Please share in the comments below.

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  • Fascinating really.

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  • Thanks for a clearly described article, I now know more about IVF and hopefully this will help increase the potential of long-awaiting babies for the hopeful mums.

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  • I would think it’s a very difficult decision to know what to do with frozen embryos that are no longer required.

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  • I think I might read up on the fact sheet. It is an interesting topic

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  • this method seems so much more….”gentle” to the embryo. i am trying to find a better word to describe this but the method seems so much better. Hopefully it does increase the chances of having a baby. Cheaper and less heartbreaking for the parent to be.

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  • Interesting! Good to know :)

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  • Lke is

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  • Yes, I went through 3 IVF’s in my life (actually it was ICSI – Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection). 6 good embryos were retrieved, and 2 were implanted the first time. I was lucky and that’s when I got my daughter, now 13 years old. I had the other 4 embryos frozen. I used 2 the second time. I was pregnant with twins and I lost them both at 7 and half weeks. I then used the last 2 embryos but it didn’t function at all.
    IVF is surely a very difficult journey. You must be very strong to undergo such a treatment. I wasn’t all the time! :-)
    The quality of the eggs after the hormonal treatment is really important. I knew one woman in treatment with me. After an hormonal treatment I got generally 12-14 eggs and around half were of good quality. She got around 35! But they were small, of bad quality. You need to find a good specialist that helps you achieve the right number of eggs to start with.
    And it would be wonderful if the clinic offers psychological support for all the women in treatment.


    • wow thanks for sharing your ivf journey. definatly not easy

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  • An interesting topic and not something I have thought about or gone through. Good food for thought – thank you.

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  • embryos

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  • Lke it

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  • know the facts

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  • A friend of mine gave birth to her third child 3 months ago thanks to IVF. All three have been conceived this way; the first from a fresh embryo & the other two from frozen ones. Technology these days absolutely astounds me!!

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  • Interesting article. Thanks for sharing.

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  • A well written article on a tender subject.

    Reply

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