New Australian research linking obesity in mums before and during pregnancy to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric and behavioural conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been slammed by parents.
The University of South Australia study found obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of ADHD in children by 32%, more than doubles the risk of children developing ASD and increases the risk of conduct disorders by 16%.
But parents and experts have questioned the findings, concerned that it ‘blames’ mothers. When Mouths of Mums published the findings of the research, mums reached out to voice their anger.
“I have an autistic kid and another waiting to be diagnosed and yes I am fat. So it’s my fault and now I have to live with that guilt?” one mum commented.
Another saying, “Oh look. Another way to blame mothers for everything.”
The sentiment was echoed by other parents, one commenting, “Another crap “study” to make mothers feel guilty again.”
Child psychologist Daniel Wendt told Mouths of Mums that the findings needs to be reviewed carefully.
“I think it is always important to remember that there is a difference between association and causation when considering research,” the Newcastle-based psychologist explained.
“For example, increases in ice cream sales are associated with increases in shark attacks but this does not mean that ice cream sales cause shark attacks. This study is not saying there is a causal link between obesity and neurodiversity. For example, there may be a third genetic factor, or multiple other contributors, that relate to both obesity and neurodiversity. For instance, hotter days may be associated with both increased ice cream sales and increased shark attacks.”
The study also discovered being obese or overweight before pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of ADHD, ASD, conduct disorder and psychotic disorder as well as a 30% increased risk in both externalising symptoms, and peer relationship problems.
“Maternal obesity has long been associated with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birthweight, stillbirth, and it is also linked with macrosomia, or high birthweight,” explained Lead researcher UniSA’s Dr Bereket Duko.
“In this study, we examined maternal overweight and obesity before and during pregnancy, finding that both are significantly linked with psychiatric and behavioural problems in children later in life, specifically ASD, ADHD and peer relationship problems.”
“Given the rising global obesity rates among women of reproductive age, and the growing numbers of children identified with neurodiverse conditions, it’s important that we acknowledge the potential long-term consequences of maternal adiposity on child mental health.”
About one in 150 Australians have ASD, with more than eight per cent of children aged between four and 11 diagnosed with ADHD. Worldwide, one in eight people live with obesity.
Researchers say it highlights the need for interventions targeting maternal weight management before and during pregnancy.
“Public health efforts that target improving maternal health could help mitigate some of the risks of neuropsychiatric and behavioural disorders in children,” Dr Duko said.
“While further research is needed to explore the biological mechanisms underlying these associations, the findings do stress the need for health interventions that promote healthy living and weight among parents to be.”
Child psychologist Daniel Wendt says parents shouldn’t be disheartened by the research.
“No one is to blame for neurodiversity, and I do not think it is something that needs to be assigned blame. Neurodiversity is wonderful and unique. Without it, the amazing individuals we all love in our lives would not be who they are today.
“The focus of the neurodiversity movement is that we should consider conditions less as problematic, and instead to view them more as differences that need to be understood. The aim is that both those who are neurodiverse and neurotypical have a better understanding of one another and how can all work more collaboratively to achieve common success.”
About this study
The study was funded by Centre of Research Excellence Health in Preconception & Pregnancy and conducted in partnership with Curtin University, Monash University, SAHMRI and a team of national institutions*. It included the systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 3.6 million mother-child pairs across 42 epidemiological studies.
*Additional partners include Monash University, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, University of Queensland, Edith Cowan University, and University of Sydney.
The study can be found at: Associations between maternal preconception and pregnancy adiposity and neuropsychiatric and behavioural outcomes in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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