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May 29, 2019

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Let’s make it mandatory to teach respectful relationships in every Australian school!

The Victorian government is rolling out respectful relationships education in primary and secondary schools across the state.

Amanda Keddie, Deakin University and Debbie Ollis, Deakin University

Media reports of findings from the latest National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey caused a stir in recent days, with some highlighting the importance of education programs to teach young people about gender-based violence.

The survey of young people, aged 16-24, revealed some concerning findings. Nearly one-quarter of respondents agreed that women tend to exaggerate the problem of male violence. One in seven said women often make false allegations of sexual assault. One in eight weren’t aware non-consensual sex in marriage is a criminal offence.

But the 2017 survey also showed positive shifts in young people’s understanding of family violence compared to the survey in 2013. Young people showed an increase in their understanding of the different forms of violence against women and more respondents endorsed gender equality.

Schools play a significant role in educating young people about gender-based violence and helping change the underlying attitudes that lead to it.

The Victorian government began a rollout of respectful relationships education in primary and secondary schools in 2016. This is a whole-of-school program that aims not only to develop students’ gender awareness and respect but also to transform school cultures to be more gender-inclusive.

An evaluation of the program in secondary schools found positive results. One principal told researchers:

There were male teachers in positions of authority [who] used aggression as their method to get what they wanted. That just became unacceptable.

History of gender-based violence education

Schools have long played a significant role in teaching students respect and equity. Social and moral learning is embedded in the Melbourne Declaration, a 2008 document that sets out the agreed national goals of schooling. These values are also embedded in national and state curricula.

More than 25 years ago, the federal education department was commissioned to develop a position on gender-based violence education. This led to the development of “No Fear” – a teaching resource and whole-of-school approach to addressing the attitudes and behaviours that underpin gender-based violence.




Read more:
Why education about gender and sexuality does belong in the classroom


Researchers in the mid-1990s highlighted the high levels of sexual harassment in schools, including early childhood settings. Others pointed to the broader gender equity and structural inequalities that impact girls’ options after leaving school.

All of this led to a high visibility and resourcing of gender (and other) equity reforms across Australian schools. By the late 1990s, however, anti-feminist backlash and government funding cuts led to a policy vacuum in this space.



Respectful relationships education

Governments have recently renewed efforts to address gender-based violence in schools through what is now referred to as respectful relationships education.

This kind of education is included in the Australian Curriculum but not all state and territory governments have been proactive in making it mandatory. Victoria’s 2016 Royal Commission into Family Violence recommended respectful relationships education be mandatory in every school from prep to Year 12.

The program is now being rolled out in more than 1,000 government, Catholic and independent schools in Victoria.




Read more:
Respectful relationships education isn’t about activating a gender war


Respectful relationships education seeks to prevent violence before it occurs. This is fostered through supporting schools to challenge and find alternatives to the rigid gender roles that support gender inequality and lead to violence against women. It encourages schools to examine gender in terms of:

  • staffing (is there gender disparity in leadership positions, teaching responsibilities and extracurricular activities?)
  • school culture (does the school have an inclusive and welcoming climate?)
  • professional learning (are teachers provided with adequate and ongoing support to teach about gender, identity, power and violence?)
  • support (are schools well-equipped to deal with disclosures of violence?)
  • teaching and learning (how do curriculum and pedagogy foster students’ critical awareness of gender, power, identity and violence?)
  • community connections (how are schools working with their broader community, including families, local services and sporting clubs, to challenge rigid gender norms?).

Research conducted by the not-for-profit foundation working to prevent violence against women and children OurWatch, and Deakin and Swinburne universities, has highlighted the potential of this model to change attitudes and school structures. Students expressed thoughtful and informed views about gendered violence following their participation in the program.

One student said:

People think sexual assault is about sex, but it’s about power […] It’s about a sense of entitlement.

Another noted:

I think it’s a good idea to have this sort of program in more schools. It’ll stop the system; boys growing up thinking that they should be the more dominant person in the relationship and learning this now might stop that and make it less of a problem.

Teachers and school leaders also relayed positive accounts of the program’s impact. One teacher observed students were now more respectful of each other.

Another said:

Respectful relationships education develops an understanding of the links between the language the students use with each other and how that leads to situations where women are not treated equally, undervalued or misrepresented.

There are still hurdles

Teachers, leaders and students have generally welcomed respectful relationships education. But there are still many challenges to ensuring the program is embedded in primary and secondary schools. These include:

  • addressing misinformation, resistance and backlash – for example that respectful relationships education is about “gender engineering” or that it alienates and shames boys and men
  • acknowledging the complexities of violence against women as intersecting with poverty, Indigeneity, ethnicity, culture, and disability, among other factors
  • adequate funding to support ongoing professional learning for school leaders and teachers in relation to implementing a whole-school approach
  • supporting schools to work with and educate families
  • supporting schools to better respond to disclosures and violence-related trauma.

Schools are not a panacea for transforming the ills of society. Ending violence against women will require major and far-reaching social change. The history of respectful relationships or gender-based violence education indicates schools can play a significant role in this process.

But it is clear short-term, inadequately funded approaches do little to recognise the complexity of change and the time it takes to bring an education community to a common understanding, awareness and commitment to change.


Editor’s note: this article previously referred to the not-for-profit foundation working to prevent violence against women and children, OurWatch, as a charity. This has now been corrected.The Conversation

Amanda Keddie, Professor, Education, Deakin University and Debbie Ollis, Associate Professor, Education, Deakin University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

  • Respect for others was a done deal back when I went to school. Respect for your teachers, respect for other students, respect for other people in general. We didn’t need to be taught this in a special subject. I wonder what is wrong with today’s kids that they need to be taught this?

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  • Love this idea. Would be great if it could happen.

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  • Good idea, every child should learn what a respectful relationship is. It is always thrown under the bus otherwise! So bring it on make every state and territory join in!!

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  • This is a huge gap in the education system.

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  • Pretty sad that we need to do this but I think it’s a great idea. Hopefully the kids might turn something

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  • Respectful relationships should indeed be taught in schools.


    • Families, communities and schools need to work together.
      It is a partnership.

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  • I is a great idea, unfortunately kids at those ages I don’t feel that have the emotional maturity for it to hit home

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  • Sounds like a good idea. I just hope it gets through to the students.

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  • This is another reason why our education system is failing. Schools are taking on too many of the parents responsibilities.

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  • What against violence against men…..and some are stupid enough to do it in front of others. I know a guy whose wive hit him in the face with her shoe because her his whole pay packet. She worked too. How was he supposed to pay the electricity, gas, car rego, enough petrol in car to go to work – public transport doesn’t run overnight – and rent with no money at all. Another guy his wife punched him on the head then tried to kick him “you know where” twice so he grabbed her by them arm to turn her around and she had him charged with assault. A week later she hurt her hand and blamed him. I don’t know he could have done it when she said he did as he was in the country working way too far away to be home in two days.

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  • Definitely a good idea to be teaching this, hopefully they can continue to develop the program with more research.

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  • I think this would be a great idea

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  • If it’s working, I’m all for it. And I agree, there are girls out there who make false sexual assault claims and violence claims against not just guys, sometimes their parents and girlfriends. It’s because of these false allegations that genuine victims have such a hard time proving their cases

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  • My sons primary school has programme like this.

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