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May 7, 2025

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We’ve all been there – trying to peel a boiled egg, but mangling it beyond all recognition as the hard shell stubbornly sticks to the egg white. Worse, the egg ends up covered in chewy bits of adhesive membrane in the end.

The internet is littered with various “hacks” that claim to prevent this problem. But there are several reasons why eggs can be hard to peel. Luckily, that means there are also science-based strategies we can use to avoid the problem.

Egg ‘peelability’ factors

Eggs consist of a hard, porous shell, an inner and outer membrane, the egg white (albumen), and a membrane-encased yolk at the centre. There is also an air cell between the inner and outer membrane next to the shell.

A lot of research was done in the late 1960s and 1970s on factors that affect the peelability of eggs after they’ve been boiled.

One of these factors is the pH of the egg white. An early study from the 1960s indicated that the pH of the egg white needs to be in the range of 8.7–8.9, quite alkaline, in order for the egg to be easier to peel.

Storage temperature has a role to play, too. A study from 1963 showed that storing eggs at about 22 degrees Celsius (or 72 degrees Fahrenheit) gives a better peelability result than storage at lower temperatures of 13°C, or even fridge temperatures at 3–5°C.

Of course, there is a risk of spoilage if eggs are stored at higher ambient temperatures.

In the studies, an increase in storage time before boiling – using less fresh eggs – also increased the ease of peelability.

Step one: avoid fresh eggs

The fact that fresh eggs are harder to peel is relatively well known. Based on the factors above, there are a couple of reasons for this.

For one, in a fresh egg the air cell is still quite small. As the egg ages, it (very) slowly loses moisture through the porous shell, increasing the size of the air cell while the rest of the egg contents shrink. A bigger air cell makes it easier to start the peeling action.

Additionally, egg whites, although they already start out relatively alkaline, increase in pH as the eggs age, also making them easier to peel.

Step two: water temperature

Some keen egg boiling pundits believe that starting off with boiling water and lowering it to a simmer before gently placing the eggs into it provides a better result. However, you want to do this with room temperature eggs to avoid them cracking due to a sudden temperature change.

The reasoning behind this approach is that exposure to higher temperatures from the start of cooking also makes it easier for the membrane to come away from the shell and egg white.

Furthermore, the quick hot start makes it easier for the egg white proteins to denature (change structure as they cook) and bond to each other, rather than to the membrane.

After boiling eggs for the desired amount of time (typically 3–5 minutes for runny yolks, 6–7 minutes for jammy yolks, and 12–15 minutes for hard boiled), you can quench them in ice water. This should help the egg white to slightly shrink away from the shell, improving peelability.

Step three (optional): adding things to the water

Some other suggestions to improve peelability include adding salt to the boiling water, but this has mixed results. In one study, this approach did actually improve peelability, but this effect was lost after eggs had been stored for longer periods.

Acids and alkali have also been shown to aid eggshell peelability or removal. The patent that describes this used rather harsh substances with the goal to dissolve away the shell.

But based on this idea, you could try adding baking soda or vinegar to the water. With vinegar, the theory is that it attacks the calcium carbonate in the eggshell to then aid its removal. As for baking soda, because it’s alkaline, it could help detach the membrane from the shell.

Bonus: alternative cooking methods

There are other methods for hard-cooking eggs, such as pressure steaming, air-frying and even microwaving.

In steaming eggs, some proponents theorise that water vapour permeates the eggshell, loosening the membrane from the egg white, and thereby making the egg much easier to peel.

While studies have recently been done on the air-frying of other foods, there is still scope to further understand how this style of cooking might affect eggshells and peelability.

Lastly, once you have successfully separated the eggshells, don’t just throw them in the bin. There are lots of different uses for them, including compost, slug and snail deterrent in your garden, using them as little biodegradable pots for seedlings, or even something as advanced as scaffolds for cancer research.The Conversation

Paulomi (Polly) Burey, Professor in Food Science, University of Southern Queensland

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

  • My partner gets all our eggs from one of his work mates who keeps their own chickens so the eggs we get are always fresh and so the extra fresh eggs can be a bit of an issue when I want boiled eggs.
    I always start them off in cold water with a lot of salt added to slow down the boil.

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  • I have always found that the hotter an egg is when you are peeling it also helps the shell to come away from the egg more freely. I love the comment about using eggs in the garden and as compost and can remember my mum always had egg shells in her garden. Not sure why she did it, but thew garden sure looked untidy.

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  • I didn’t realise that you’re meant to put the eggs into hot water, I’ve always put mine into cold water, once the water boils then I’d turn them down low to finish cooking. I’ll have to try putting in hot water first and the best would probably be to take them out the night before. I’m definitely going to give this a go next time.

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  • This is absolutely fascinating – it’s amazing how complex a seemingly simple task can actually be! I don’t like adding vinegar to boiling eggs – it stinks – but a bit of salt can help. The trouble is that sometimes you just don’t know what you’ve done wrong when you have eggs that are hard to peel.

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  • Lots of tricks to try there. I am not sure I would be brave enough to cook and egg in the air fryer! Somehow it seems risky. I think I might have to print this out because I read these things and then forget what it was I was going to try.

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  • I do like the tips in the articles about other ways to use egg shells. We try to avoid all waste and it is so good to read and article that encourages finding other uses for eggshells. Broken eggshells do indeed work well in the garden and it is such a good use of them.

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  • This is all very interesting. I have never tried the salt method, but it sounds a bit hit and miss. I also didn’t realise that you are meant to lower the boil to a simmer before putting the eggs in – I usually just have a hard boil the whole time. Mine are always at ‘room temperature’ but in Tassie that can be fridge temperature anyway in the winter.

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  • I have definitely always found that the fresher the eggs the harder they are to peel but I’m not sure about the other things. I do tend to crack the shell as much as possible to get it off easier but it can still be hard if the eggs are super fresh.

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  • I usually struggle to peel an egg easily. I have seen people put them straight into icy cold water and this seems to help the shell come off more easily. I haven’t tried this method myself, but will have to give it a go.

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  • I store my eggs in the fridge as it takes a while to get through a box of eggs. This was quite and insightful article. I always wondered why some eggs are harder to peel than others. The water temperature sounds like the key to helping peel an egg easily, will have to give this a try.

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  • Thanks for sharing. I always store the box with eggs I’m using in the pantry (they get finished fast enough so don’t go off) and I always add the egg to boiling water as well. After boiling I put them in cold tap water (so not icy water). Before peeling I often roll the egg in my hand. It works perfectly fine for me

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  • I do like the tips suggested in this article for boiling eggs and do use cold water to assist with peeling eggs. I place all eggs to be boiled in a pot of cold water and then boil; then I remove the pot and and empty the hot water and add cold water. I get easy to peel and perfect boiled eggs every time.

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  • Love all the thought that has gone behind this research and article. It’s funny how much effort it can take to get something simple like a boiled egg right. The one factor that’s hard for me is the not fresh eggs. We go through them fairly quickly, I don’t really ever have older eggs

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  • A very scientific exploration into the art of boiling an egg! I can absolutely advocate the idea of starting by placing eggs in already near boiling water (with a small hole pierced in the wider end of the egg shell) and placing in ice water (or at least cold water) for a few minutes immediately after being peeling. But also believe, you just can’t get it perfect every time. I always add an extra egg to account for a less than perfect result. I’ll happily gobble up any mangled one’s myself.

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  • Im yet to find a completely fool proof hack for peeling eggs but what i do find is that peeling them when they have cooled down and ive put it through running water seems to work best for me. I give the egg a roll a few times to break the shell all around before attempting to peel.

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  • It is a very common complicated problem with eggs. It is such an easy complement to the table as a separate meal with mayo and some greenery, but you always face this problem with peeling it, because if it’s not right, they look awful. Anyway the salt trick always worked.

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