New Australian research has linked obesity in mums before and during pregnancy to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric and behavioural conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The University of South Australia study found obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of ADHD in children by 32%, more than doubles the risk of children developing ASD and increases the risk of conduct disorders by 16%.
The study also discovered being obese or overweight before pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of ADHD, ASD, conduct disorder and psychotic disorder as well as a 30% increased risk in both externalising symptoms, and peer relationship problems.
“Maternal obesity has long been associated with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birthweight, stillbirth, and it is also linked with macrosomia, or high birthweight,” explained Lead researcher UniSA’s Dr Bereket Duko.
“In this study, we examined maternal overweight and obesity before and during pregnancy, finding that both are significantly linked with psychiatric and behavioural problems in children later in life, specifically ASD, ADHD and peer relationship problems.”
“Given the rising global obesity rates among women of reproductive age, and the growing numbers of children identified with neurodiverse conditions, it’s important that we acknowledge the potential long-term consequences of maternal adiposity on child mental health.”
About one in 150 Australians have ASD, with more than eight per cent of children aged between four and 11 diagnosed with ADHD. Worldwide, one in eight people live with obesity.
Researchers say it highlights the need for interventions targeting maternal weight management before and during pregnancy.
“Public health efforts that target improving maternal health could help mitigate some of the risks of neuropsychiatric and behavioural disorders in children,” Dr Duko said.
“While further research is needed to explore the biological mechanisms underlying these associations, the findings do stress the need for health interventions that promote healthy living and weight among parents to be.”
About this study
The study was funded by Centre of Research Excellence Health in Preconception & Pregnancy and conducted in partnership with Curtin University, Monash University, SAHMRI and a team of national institutions*. It included the systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 3.6 million mother-child pairs across 42 epidemiological studies.
*Additional partners include Monash University, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, University of Queensland, Edith Cowan University, and University of Sydney.
The study can be found at: Associations between maternal preconception and pregnancy adiposity and neuropsychiatric and behavioral outcomes in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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